Intelligent Greenhouse System: When Agriculture Meets Technology, Redefining "Spring Blossoms and Autumn Harvests"

With the rapid development of technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, a quiet agricultural revolution is unfolding in greenhouses - the intelligent greenhouse system is transforming all these complexities and uncertainties into precise, efficient, and controllable data flows, completely reshaping the face of modern agriculture. This is precisely the core value of the intelligent greenhouse solution - to utilize Internet of Things (iot) agricultural technology to achieve greenhouse automation.

The intelligent greenhouse system is far more than just a building covered with plastic or glass. It is a comprehensive agricultural ecosystem that integrates environmental perception, intelligent decision-making, precise execution and data analysis. The core lies in the continuous collection of crop growth environment data 24 hours a day through sensors deployed in every corner of the greenhouse (such as temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, carbon dioxide concentration, etc.), and then controlling the execution devices such as skylights, shading nets, fans, wet curtains, drip irrigation, and supplementary lighting to create a "tailor-made" optimal growth environment for the crops. In simple terms, smart greenhouses have transformed crops from "living" to "growing comfortably".

How a complete intelligent greenhouse system works can be classified into the following four categories:

The perception layer (" five senses ") : This is the foundation of the system. The various sensors scattered throughout the greenhouse are like the "eyes" and "skin" of the system, monitoring key parameters such as air/soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, soil pH value and EC value (fertility level) in real time.

The transport layer (" nerve ") : Through wireless communication technologies such as LoRa, ZigBee, 4G/5G or Wi-Fi, the data collected by the perception layer is stably and rapidly transmitted to the control center to ensure the real-time nature of the information.

Platform layer (" brain ") : This is the intelligent core of the system. It receives and stores massive amounts of data, and processes it using big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms. The platform can set the optimal environmental parameter thresholds for different crops and different growth stages, and achieve automatic decision-making. For instance, when the midday sun is too strong, the system will automatically pull up the sunshade net. When the soil moisture is lower than the set value, the drip irrigation system will automatically start.

Execution layer (" hands and feet ") : Receives instructions from the "brain" and executes them precisely. It includes skylight opening and closing systems, internal and external shading systems, fan and wet curtain cooling systems, spray/drip irrigation systems, supplementary lighting systems, fertilization systems, etc. They work together to turn the ideal environmental model into reality.

The application of intelligent greenhouse systems brings benefits/advantages of intelligent greenhouses to agricultural production:

By creating the optimal growth environment, the growth cycle of crops can be shortened, and the yield can be increased by 20% to 40% or even more. At the same time, it can be produced all year round, breaking the seasonal restrictions. The integrated water and fertilizer system can supply water as needed. Compared with traditional flood irrigation, it can save 50% to 70% of water resources, significantly increase the utilization rate of fertilizers, and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution from the source. A stable environment reduces the occurrence of crop diseases and pests and lowers the use of pesticides. Precise control of light, temperature difference and other factors can also effectively enhance the sugar content, taste and appearance consistency of fruits and vegetables, and produce higher-quality agricultural products. Farmers no longer need to stay on duty day and night. They can remotely monitor and manage multiple greenhouses through computers or mobile phone apps, achieving "one-click farming", which greatly reduces the labor intensity and reliance on professional experience.

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